Wooden Steering Wheels: History, Benefits & Restoration
For decades, the sight and feel of a wooden steering wheel evoked a sense of classic motoring, craftsmanship, and connection to the road. While modern vehicles predominantly feature plastic or leather-wrapped steering wheels, the allure of wood remains strong among car enthusiasts and restorers. This article explores the history of wooden steering wheels, their advantages, the types of wood used, and how to restore these beautiful automotive components.
The transition from tiller arms to steering wheels was a gradual process in the early days of automobiles. Early steering mechanisms were often simple and direct, but as cars became more sophisticated, so did their steering systems. Wooden steering wheels quickly became the standard, offering a comfortable grip and a touch of elegance. They weren’t just functional; they were a statement of style.
A Brief History of Wooden Steering Wheels
The earliest automobiles often featured steering wheels made from various hardwoods. As production cars became more common in the early 20th century, manufacturers began to standardize on specific wood types and designs. Companies like Buehrig and Formica became well-known for their high-quality wooden steering wheels, supplying both original equipment manufacturers and the aftermarket. The 1950s and 60s saw a peak in the popularity of wooden steering wheels, particularly in sports cars and luxury vehicles.
However, safety concerns and the rise of more cost-effective materials led to a decline in their use by the 1970s. Airbag systems, in particular, posed a challenge to traditional wooden wheel designs. Despite this, a dedicated following has kept the tradition alive, with many classic car owners actively seeking to restore or replace their original wooden steering wheels.
The Advantages of Wooden Steering Wheels
Beyond their aesthetic appeal, wooden steering wheels offer several benefits. The natural warmth and texture of wood provide a more comfortable grip, especially during long drives. Wood also absorbs less heat and cold than metal or plastic, making it more pleasant to the touch in extreme weather conditions. Many drivers appreciate the enhanced feel and feedback a wooden wheel provides, creating a more direct connection to the vehicle.
Furthermore, a well-maintained wooden steering wheel can add significant value to a classic car. Originality is highly prized by collectors, and a restored or original wooden wheel can be a key selling point. If you're considering upgrading your vehicle's interior, a wooden steering wheel can dramatically enhance its vintage charm. You might also consider looking into vintage accessories to complete the look.
Common Wood Types Used
Several types of wood have been traditionally used in the construction of steering wheels. Each wood offers unique characteristics in terms of grain, color, and durability.
- Rosewood: Known for its rich, dark color and beautiful grain patterns, rosewood was a popular choice for high-end steering wheels.
- Walnut: Another favored hardwood, walnut offers a warm, reddish-brown hue and a distinctive grain.
- Mahogany: A classic choice, mahogany is prized for its stability, workability, and reddish-brown color.
- Maple: A lighter-colored wood, maple is often used as a base for staining and finishing.
- Teak: Highly durable and resistant to moisture, teak was often used in marine applications and occasionally found its way into automotive steering wheels.
The choice of wood often depended on the manufacturer, the price point of the vehicle, and the desired aesthetic. The wood is typically formed around a metal frame, providing structural integrity and a mounting point for the steering column.
Restoring a Wooden Steering Wheel
Restoring a wooden steering wheel is a rewarding but often time-consuming process. It requires patience, attention to detail, and a basic understanding of woodworking techniques. Here’s a general overview of the steps involved:
- Disassembly: Carefully remove the steering wheel from the vehicle, taking note of the wiring and any other components.
- Cleaning: Gently clean the wood surface with a mild soap and water solution. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners.
- Stripping: Remove the old finish using a chemical stripper or by carefully sanding.
- Repair: Repair any cracks, chips, or other damage to the wood. Wood filler can be used to fill small imperfections.
- Sanding: Sand the wood surface smooth, starting with a coarse grit sandpaper and gradually moving to finer grits.
- Staining (Optional): If desired, apply a wood stain to achieve the desired color.
- Finishing: Apply several coats of a durable clear coat, such as polyurethane or lacquer, to protect the wood and enhance its appearance.
- Reassembly: Carefully reassemble the steering wheel and reinstall it in the vehicle.
For those uncomfortable tackling a restoration project themselves, professional restoration services are available. These services can provide expert results and ensure the steering wheel is restored to its original glory. Maintaining the interior of your classic car is important, and you might want to explore detailing tips for other components.
Modern Alternatives and Reproduction Wheels
While restoring an original wooden steering wheel is often the preferred option, reproduction wheels are readily available for many classic cars. These reproductions offer a cost-effective alternative and can be a good choice if an original wheel is unavailable or beyond repair. Modern reproductions often incorporate safety features such as collapsible columns and airbag compatibility.
Some manufacturers also offer modern steering wheels with wood trim, combining the classic aesthetic with contemporary safety and convenience features. These hybrid designs can be a good compromise for those who want the look of wood without sacrificing modern functionality.
Conclusion
Wooden steering wheels represent a bygone era of automotive craftsmanship and style. Their enduring appeal lies in their warmth, comfort, and connection to the driving experience. Whether you’re restoring a classic car or simply appreciate the beauty of wood, a wooden steering wheel can add a touch of elegance and nostalgia to any vehicle. From their historical roots to modern reproductions, these wheels continue to captivate car enthusiasts worldwide.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the best way to clean a wooden steering wheel?
Use a soft cloth dampened with a mild soap and water solution. Avoid harsh chemicals, abrasive cleaners, and excessive moisture. Gently wipe the surface and dry it immediately. Regular dusting will help prevent dirt buildup.
How can I prevent my wooden steering wheel from cracking?
Protect the wood from prolonged exposure to sunlight and extreme temperatures. Apply a high-quality UV protectant and regularly condition the wood with a wood oil or polish. Proper finishing and maintenance are crucial for preventing cracks.
Are wooden steering wheels safe?
Original wooden steering wheels may not meet modern safety standards, particularly regarding airbag deployment. Reproduction wheels are often designed with safety in mind. If you're concerned about safety, consider a reproduction wheel or a modern wheel with wood trim.
What is the typical cost of restoring a wooden steering wheel?
The cost of restoration varies depending on the condition of the wheel and the extent of the damage. A basic restoration can cost several hundred dollars, while a more extensive restoration can exceed $1,000. Professional restoration services typically charge by the hour.
Where can I find a replacement wooden steering wheel for my classic car?
You can find replacement wooden steering wheels from classic car parts suppliers, online retailers specializing in automotive restoration, and auction sites. Be sure to verify the compatibility of the wheel with your vehicle's steering column.